Pine shoot beetle - Tomicus piniperda
Effective: June 11, 2013 - December 31, 2016
Taxonomic Position: Coleoptera : Scolytidae
Pest Type: Insects
Pest Code (NAPIS): INBQCNA
This pest is a member of the following surveys: Exotic Wood Borer / Bark Beetle
These Approved Methods are appropriate for: 2016, 2015
Pest Information
CAPS Pest Datasheet: https://download.ceris.purdue.edu/file/3089
Pest Tracker: https://pesttracker.org/pest/INBQCNA
Human and Animal Pathogens Transmitted:

Not known to transmit any human or animal pathogens.

Pest Pathogens and Organisms Vectored:

Ambrosiella spp., Aureobasidium pullulans, Bursaphelenchus sexdentati, Hormonema dematioides, Ophiostoma spp. (blue-stain fungus), O. minus, Leptographium spp., L. wingfieldii (Humble et al., 2006; Kiristis, 2004). Other Ophiostoma and Leptographium listed in Humble et al. (2006).

Survey

Approved Method(s)
Method Detail NAPIS Survey Method
Trap 105 - Multi-funnel Trap, 8 Funnel, Wet 3001 - General Trapping Procedure
Trap 107 - Multi-funnel Trap, 12 Funnel, Wet 3001 - General Trapping Procedure
Trap Spacing:
When trapping for woodborers or bark beetles, separate traps with different lure combinations by at least 30 meters (98 feet).
Method Notes:

In 2012, the wet collection cup method will be the only method approved for use with multi-funnel (Lindgren) traps.


Approved Lure(s)
NAPIS Code Product Dispenser Effectiveness Compound(s)
2 Alpha Pinene Lure bottle 56 days alpha pinene
3
Lure Attachment:

Attaching lures to traps

IMPORTANT: Do not include lures for other target species in the trap when surveying for this target.

Lure Notes:

Previously, there have been two approved lures for Tomicus piniperda listed on the CAPS approved methods for the 2012 survey season. The two lures were the 1) Alpha Pinene Lure and 2) Alpha Pinene UHR Lure. The Alpha Pinene Lure is an un-gelled lure in a bottle dispenser that has been used by the PPQ Program for Tomicus piniperda (pine shoot beetle). The Alpha Pinene UHR Lure is a polysleeve, ultra-high release dispenser used for other EWB/BB targets. For the 2013 survey season on, only the Alpha Pinene Lure (the un-gelled lure in a bottle dispenser) should be used for Tomicus piniperda surveys. Negative data will not be accepted from the Alpha Pinene UHR Lure. The scientific literature supports the use of lower release alpha pinene lures for Tomicus piniperda, which is achieved by the bottle dispensers. Note: to achieve the desired release rate when using the Alpha Pinene Lure, two bottles are needed for each trap. The release rates of these lures are highly temperature-dependent. However, CAPS has listed a conservative length of effectiveness that will be effective for even the warmest weather in the CAPS community.


Survey Recommendations
The following are recommendations for executing the survey using the approved methods for pest surveillance. The recommendations are developed through literature review and consultation with subject matter experts.
Key Diagnostic or Identification

Approved Method(s)
ID/Diagnostic:
Morphological: Examination by a taxonomist with expertise in the weevil subfamily Scolytinae is required for identification. Examine specimens under a microscope with 70-110X magnifications and gooseneck lighting sources.
1. To determine if the specimen is Tomicus, use Passoa and Cavey (1994) followed by Brodel (2005 - rev. 2009).
2. To determine species of Tomicus (destruens, minor, or piniperda), use Brodel (2005 - rev. 2009) with Brodel (2000).
3. To separate T. minor from T. piniperda, use Brodel (2000).
Mistaken Identities:

Not present in the U.S.: T. destruens and T. minor

References
  1. Brodel, C.F. 2000. Distinguishing Tomicus minor from T. piniperda
  2. Brodel, C.F. 2009. Tomicus Bark Beetles: A Key for Separating Program Species piniperda from European Exotics destruens and minor
  3. Humble, L. M. and E. A. Allen. 2006. Forest biosecurity: alien invasive species and vectored organisms. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 28: S256-S269.
  4. Kirisits, T. 2004. Fungal associates of European bark beetles with special emphasis on the ophiostomatoid fungi. in F. Lieutier, K. R. Day, A. Battisti, J. Gregoire, and H. F. Evans, (eds.). Insects in Living Trees in Europe, a Synthesis. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.
  5. Passoa, S. and J. Cavey. 1994. Key to help screen Tomicus piniperda (L.) from other North American Scolytidae (Coleoptera). USDA, APHIS, PPQ. NA-TP-06-93

If you are unable to find a reference, contact STCAPS@usda.gov. See the CAPS Pest Datasheet for all references.