Parana coffee root-knot nematode - Meloidogyne paranaensis
Effective: August 18, 2010 - December 31, 2013
Taxonomic Position: Tylenchida : Heteroderidae
Pest Type: Nematodes
Pest Code (NAPIS): NEOBQCA
These Approved Methods are appropriate for: 2013, 2012, 2011
Pest Information
CAPS Pest Datasheet: https://download.ceris.purdue.edu/file/3159
Pest Tracker: https://pesttracker.org/pest/NEOBQCA
Pest is vectored by:
This pest is is not known to be a vector and it is not vectored by any organism.
Survey

Approved Method(s)
Method Detail NAPIS Survey Method
Soil Sample Send sample to nematology diagnostic lab where nematodes will be extracted and identified. 3012 - General Soil Sample
Tissue Sample Collect roots from symptomatic plants. 3011 - General Tissue Sample

Survey Recommendations
The following are recommendations for executing the survey using the approved methods for pest surveillance. The recommendations are developed through literature review and consultation with subject matter experts.
Signs:
No specific signs are present.
Symptoms:
General decline, reduced growth, and dieback of coffee trees are seen. Splitting and cracking of the cortical root tissue, especially the taproot, is observed. Nematode feeding causes the tissues around the giant cells to die. Foliar chlorosis and leaf drop occur.
Key Diagnostic or Identification

Approved Method(s)
ID/Diagnostic:
Morphology, coupled with differential host testing, and biochemical methods (esterase and one malate-dehydrogenase phenotypes) have been used to distinguish M. paranaensis as a separate species (Carneiro et al., 1996; Carneiro et al., 2000; Carneiro et al., 2004; Carneiro and Cofcewicz, 2008).

A combination of methods is recommended, because Sipes et al. (2005) found that esterase phenotypes can be polymorphic in coffee root-knot nematodes.
Mistaken Identities:
Meloidogyne incognita and M. konaensis.
In Progress / Literature-based Diagnostics:
Molecular:
RAPD markers have been used to confirm species identification and for estimating the genetic diversity among species and isolates (Carneiro et al., 2004).

RAPD makers were identified and transformed into SCAR makers and allow the detection of M. exigua, M. incognita, and M. paranaensis in a multiplex PCR (Randig et al., 2002; Randig et al., 2004; Carneiro et al., 2005).
References
  1. Carneiro, R.M.D.G., Almeida, M.R.A., and Queneherve, P. 2000. Enzyme phenotypes of Meloidogyne spp. populations. Nematology 2(6): 645-654.
  2. Carneiro, R.M.D.G., and Cofcewicz, E.T. 2008. Taxonomy of coffee-parasitic root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. In: Souza, R.M. Plant Parasitic Nematodes of Coffee. Pp 87-122.
  3. Carneiro, R.M.D.G., Carneiro, R.G., Abrantes, I.M.O, Santos, M.S.N.A., and Almeida, M.R.A. 1996. Meloidogyne paranaensis n. sp. (Nemata: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitizing coffee in Brazil. Journal of Nematology 28(2): 177-189.
  4. Carneiro, R.M.D.G., Randig, O., Almeida, M.R.A., and Goncalves, W. 2005. Identificacao e caracterizacao de species de Meloidogyne em cafeeiro nos Estados de Sao Paulo e Minas Gerais atraves dos fenotipos de esterase e SCAR-multiplex-PCR. Nematologia Brasiliera 29(2): 233-241. (In Portuguese, English abstract).
  5. Carneiro, R.M.D.G., Tigano, M.S., Randig, O., Almeida, M.R.A., and Sarah, J.-L. 2004. Identification and genetic diversity of Meloidogyne spp. (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) on coffee from Brazil, Central America, and Hawaii. Nematology 62(2): 287-298.
  6. Esbenshade, P.R., and Triantaphyllou, A.C. 1985. Use of enzyme phenotypes for identification of Meloidogyne species. Journal of Nematology 17(1): 6-20.
  7. Hunt, D. J., and Handoo, Z. A. 2009. Taxonomy, Identification and Principal species. In: Root-knot nematodes. Perry, R. N., Moens, M., and Starr, J. R. (ed.) CABI Publishing, UK. pp. 55-97.
  8. Perry, R. N., Moens, M., and Starr, J. R. (ed.). 2009. Root-knot nematodes. CABI Publishing, UK, 488 pp.
  9. Randig, O., Bongiovanii, M., Carneiro, R.M.D.G., and Castagnone-Sereno, P. 2002. Genetic diversity of root-knot nematodes from Brazil and the development of SCAR markers specific for the coffee-damaging species. Genome 45: 862-870.
  10. Randig, O., Carneiro, R.M.D.G., and Castagnone-Sereno, P. 2004. Identification of Brazilian coffee-damaging species of Meloidogyne using SCAR-coffee markers in multiplex PCR. Nematologia Brasileria 28(10): 1-10.
  11. Sipes, B.S., Schmitt, D.P., Xu, K., and Serracin, M. 2005. Esterase polymorphism in Meloidogyne konaensis. Journal of Nematology 37(4): 438-443.

If you are unable to find a reference, contact STCAPS@usda.gov. See the CAPS Pest Datasheet for all references.